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PulseNet China, a model for future laboratory-based bacterial infectious disease surveillance in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 366-375 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0214-6

摘要：

Surveillance is critical for the prevention and control of infectious disease. China’s real-time web-based infectious disease reporting system is a distinguished achievement. However, many aspects of the current China Infectious Disease Surveillance System do not yet meet the demand for timely outbreak detection and identification of emerging infectious disease. PulseNet, the national molecular typing network for foodborne disease surveillance was first established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States in 1995 and has proven valuable in the early detection of outbreaks and tracing the pathogen source. Since 2001, the China CDC laboratory for bacterial pathogen analysis has been a member of the PulseNet International family; and has been adapting the idea and methodology of PulseNet to develop a model for a future national laboratory-based surveillance system for all bacterial infectious disease. We summarized the development progress for the PulseNet China system and discussed it as a model for the future of China’s national laboratory-based surveillance system.

关键词： infectious disease     laboratory-based infectious disease surveillance     pulse field gel electrophoresis     multilocus sequencing typing     PulseNet China    

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Trends of foodborne diseases in China: lessons from laboratory-based surveillance since 2011

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 48-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0608-6

摘要：

Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics. has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in China, especially among adults in coastal regions. has been a serious and widely distributed pathogen responsible for substantial socioeconomic burden. was mostly identified in Northwest China and the inland province (Henan) with less-developed regions among children under 5 years. Data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2011 to 2016 showed that poisonous animals and plant factors responsible for most deaths were poisonous mushrooms (54.7%) in remote districts in southwest regions. The biological hazard that caused most cases reported (42.3%) was attributed to the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the recent monitoring approach to foodborne diseases in China and compare the results with those in developed countries.

关键词： foodborne diseases     surveillance     TraNet     China    

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Transforming bacterial disease surveillance and investigation using whole-genome sequence to probe the

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 23-33 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0607-7

摘要：

Two decades have passed since the first bacterial whole-genome sequencing, which provides new opportunity for microbial genome. Consequently, considerable genetic diversity encoded by bacterial genomes and among the strains in the same species has been revealed. In recent years, genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics have developed rapidly, which has resulted in transformation and expedited the application of strategy and methodology for bacterial genome comparison used in dissection of infectious disease epidemics. Bacterial whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic computing allow genotyping to satisfy the requirements of epidemiological study in disease control. In this review, we outline the significance and summarize the roles of bacterial genome sequencing in the context of bacterial disease control and prevention. We discuss the applications of bacterial genome sequencing in outbreak detection, source tracing, transmission mode discovery, and new epidemic clone identification. Wide applications of genome sequencing and data sharing in infectious disease surveillance networks will considerably promote outbreak detection and early warning to prevent the dissemination of bacterial diseases.

关键词： genome sequencing     genomic epidemiology     bacteria     surveillance     infectious diseases    

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Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0195-5

摘要：

Infectious diseases, mostly caused by bacteria and viruses but also a result of fungal and parasitic infection, have been one of the most important public health concerns throughout human history. The first step in combating these pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis at an affordable cost. Many kinds of diagnostics have been developed, such as pathogen culture, biochemical tests and serological tests, to help detect and fight against the causative agents of diseases. However, these diagnostic tests are generally unsatisfactory because they are not particularly sensitive and specific and are unable to deliver speedy results. Nucleic acid-based diagnostics, detecting pathogens through the identification of their genomic sequences, have shown promise to overcome the above limitations and become more widely adopted in clinical tests. Here we review some of the most popular nucleic acid-based diagnostics and focus on their adaptability and applicability to routine clinical usage. We also compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of nucleic acid-based diagnostics.

关键词： nucleic acid-based diagnostics     infectious disease     PCR     NASBA     LAMP     microarray     LOAC     public health affairs    

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Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and infectious diseases

Min-Hao WU, Ping ZHANG, Xi HUANG,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 385-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0600-x

摘要： The protective ability of host defense system is largely dependent on germ-line encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs respond to a variety of exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals, by recognizing some highly conserved structures such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The most studied PRRs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Activation of TLRs triggers production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) via myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent or-independent signaling respectively, thereby modulating innate and adaptive immunity, as well as inflammatory responses. This review introduces the classification, structure, and specific ligands of TLRs, and focuses on their signal pathways and biological activities, as well as clinical relevance. These studies of TLRs in the innate immune system have implications for the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), microbial keratitis, and hepatitis B and C.

关键词： Toll-like receptors     innate immunity     infectious disease     inflammation    

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Health: a dream from reality to the future

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 233-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0444-0

摘要：

This paper argues that health is a realistic productive force that may enhance the index of happiness. As the basis of all developments and the source of a person’s and his/her family’s happiness, health requires not only primary and secondary prevention, but also policy prevention, that is to say, grade-zero prevention. Therefore, people should pay more attention to Health in All Policies. As a new preventive strategy, the policy prevention will help improve people’s health significantly and promote the concepts of “Healthy China” and “the Chinese Dream” or “the World Dream” to realize a dream from reality to the future.

关键词： health promotion     primary and secondary prevention     policy prevention     infectious disease     non-communicable disease    

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Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 3-22 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0605-9

摘要：

For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.

关键词： infectious disease profile     emerging infectious diseases     influence factor    

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Review of hand, foot and mouth disease

Lan-Juan LI MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 139-146 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0033-6

摘要： Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute viral illness that primarily affects infants and young children, and often occurs in clusters or outbreaks. The major causative agents of HFMD are coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10), of the genus in the family Picornaviridae. HFMD caused by EV71 is associated with severe neurological complications and death. Since the late 1990s, several major epidemics of EV71 HFMD have swept through the Asia-Pacific region, associated with a rapid fulminant course, severe neurological complications, and a large number of fatalities. Until now, little has been known about the genetics and transmission trends of the fast-mutation virus, and there is no effective and specific antiviral therapy or vaccine for HFMD. It is time to step up efforts to understand the molecular epidemics and pathogenesis so that we can develop effective management strategies and surveillance programs.

关键词： hand     foot and mouth disease     epidemiology     pathogenesis     management     surveillance    

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Bridging the gap between laboratory and field moduli of asphalt layer for pavement design and assessment: A comprehensive loading frequency-based approach

Huailei CHENG; Liping LIU; Lijun SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 267-280 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0811-7

摘要： Asphalt pavement is a key component of highway infrastructures in China and worldwide. In asphalt pavement design and condition assessment, the modulus of the asphalt mixture layer is a crucial parameter. However, this parameter varies between the laboratory and field loading modes (i.e., loading frequency, compressive or tensile loading pattern), due to the viscoelastic property and composite structure of the asphalt mixture. The present study proposes a comprehensive frequency-based approach to correlate the asphalt layer moduli obtained under two field and three laboratory loading modes. The field modes are vehicular and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) loading modes, and the laboratory ones are uniaxial compressive (UC), indirect tensile (IDT), and four-point bending (4PB) loading modes. The loading frequency is used as an intermediary parameter for correlating the asphalt layer moduli under different loading modes. The observations made at two field large-scale experimental pavements facilitate the correlation analysis. It is found that the moduli obtained via laboratory 4PB tests are pretty close to those of vehicular loading schemes, in contrast to those derived in UC, IDT, and FWD modes, which need to be adjusted. The corresponding adjustment factors are experimentally assessed. The applications of those adjustment factors are expected to ensure that the moduli measured under different loading modes are appropriately used in asphalt mixture pavement design and assessment.

关键词： asphalt mixture layer     stiffness modulus     loading mode     UC/4PB/IDT     FWD     frequency    

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人体微生态与健康

王保红, 姚铭飞, 吕龙贤, 凌宗欣, 李兰娟

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第1期   页码 71-82 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.008

摘要：

数以万亿计的微生物寄生于人体表面和体内，并与人类起演变多种环境因素可影响胃肠道微生的平衡，这些改变与人体健康和疾病密切相关本文重点关注人体微生与宿主之间的相互作用，总体概括微生物在人体基本生命过程中以及主要疾病中起的作用，如感染性疾病肝脏疾病胃肠道肿瘤、代谢疾病呼吸系统疾病精神或心理疾病和自身免疫疾病等。我们还综述了微生物研究相关术的重要进展，如DNA 测序、代谢组学和基于计算生物信息学的蛋白质组学目前对人类微生态的研究已经更加复杂和全面建议研究应更多关注–宿主微生物的相互作用和因果关系，这有助于我们更好地了解肠道微生物在人类健康和疾病中的作用，并为临床实践提供新的治疗靶点和方法。

关键词： 微生物     健康     传染病     肝病     胃肠道恶性肿瘤     代谢紊乱     微生物技术     益生菌    

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Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1370-1386 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0947-0

摘要： The tunnel boring machine (TBM) is typically used in hard-rock tunnel excavation. Owing to the unsatisfactory adaptability of TBM to the surrounding rock, when crossing high-strength and high-wear strata, the TBM can easily cause defects, such as abnormal wear on cutters and overload damage to bearings, thus affecting the construction efficiency and cost. Therefore, high-pressure waterjet technology should be applied to assist in rock breaking for efficient TBM tunneling. In this study, the effects of water pressure, nozzle diameter, and nozzle speed on cutting are investigated via laboratory experiments of cutting hard rock using high-pressure waterjets. The penetration performance of the TBM under different water pressures is investigated via a field industrial penetration test. The results show that high-pressure waterjets are highly efficient for rock breaking and are suitable for industrial applications, as they can accommodate the advancing speed of the TBM and achieve high-efficiency rock breaking. However, during the operation of high-pressure waterjets, the ambient temperature and waterjet temperature in the tunnel increase significantly, which weakens the cooling effect of the cutterhead and decreases the construction efficiency of the TBM. Therefore, temperature control and cooling measures for high-pressure waterjets during their long-term operation must be identified. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of high-pressure water-jet-assisted cutterheads for breaking road headers.

关键词： tunnel boring machine     hard-rock cutting     free face     disc cutter     rock-cutting efficiency    

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Oral administration of

Sufen ZHAO,Yuanyuan JIA,Weiwei ZHANG,Lili WANG,Yunfei MA,Kedao TENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 318-326 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015080

摘要： Garlic ( Liliaceae) has been safely used for more than 5000 years, and research on garlic extract is rapidly increasing because of its multiple biological functions. The effects of oral administration of garlic mixture (GM, water-soluble extract) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-infected specific pathogen free male white leghorn chicken were examined through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results confirmed the protective effects of oral administration of 5 mg·kg BW GM (Group GM1) on bursal lesions after IBDV infection. In particular, protein expression of IBDV in the bursa decreased in Group GM1, indicating that GM administration decreased IBDV replication in the bursa. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M- and A-bearing B lymphocytes significantly increased 7 days post infection in bursae in Group GM1 ( <0.01), suggesting that the oral administration of 5 mg·kg GM offers moderate protection against B cell destruction after IBDV infection. During infection, the concentration of bursal interferon gamma (IFN-g) increased and peaked in Group GM1 earlier than in Group T (IBDV-exposed), demonstrating that GM administration prompted the production of IFN-g to protect against IBDV infection.

关键词： garlic     infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)     antiviral effect     IgM-bearing B lymphocyte    

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Optimal design and development of PV-wind-battery based nano-grid system: A field-on-laboratory demonstration

B. TUDU, K. K. MANDAL, N. CHAKRABORTY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 269-283 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0573-z

摘要： The present paper has disseminated the design approach, project implementation, and economics of a nano-grid system. The deployment of the system is envisioned to acculturate the renewable technology into Indian society by field-on-laboratory demonstration (FOLD) and “bridge the gaps between research, development, and implementation.” The system consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) (2.4 kWp), a wind turbine (3.2 kWp), and a battery bank (400 Ah). Initially, a prefeasibility study is conducted using the well-established HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. The feasibility study indicates that the optimal capacity for the nano-grid system consists of a 2.16 kWp solar PV, a 3 kWp wind turbine, a 1.44 kW inverter, and a 24 kWh battery bank. The total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system are US$20789.85 and US$0.673/kWh, respectively. However, the hybrid system consisting of a 2.4 kWp of solar PV, a 3.2 kWp of wind turbine, a 3 kVA of inverter, and a 400 Ah of battery bank has been installed due to unavailability of system components of desired values and to enhance the reliability of the system. The TNPC and COE of the system installed are found to be US$20073.63 and US$0.635/kWh, respectively and both costs are largely influenced by battery cost. Besides, this paper has illustrated the installation details of each component as well as of the system. Moreover, it has discussed the detailed cost breakup of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the system has been investigated and validated with the simulation results. It is observed that the power generated from the PV system is quite significant and is almost uniform over the year. Contrary to this, a trivial wind velocity prevails over the year apart from the month of April, May, and June, so does the power yield. This research demonstration provides a pathway for future planning of scaled-up hybrid energy systems or microgrid in this region of India or regions of similar topography.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV)     wind     battery     nano-grid     hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER)     field-on-lab demonstration (FOLD)    

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Validation of polymer-based nano-iron oxide in further phosphorus removal from bioeffluent: laboratory

Ming HUA, Lili XIAO, Bingcai PAN, Quanxing ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 435-441 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0508-1

摘要： The efficient removal of phosphorous from water is an important but challenging task. In this study, we validated the applicability of a new commercially available nanocomposite adsorbent, i.e., a polymer-based hydrated ferric oxide nanocomposite (HFO-201), for the further removal of phosphorous from the bioeffluent discharged from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and the operating parameters such as the flow rate, temperature and composition of the regenerants were optimized. Laboratory-scale results indicate that phosphorous in real bioeffluent can be effectively removed from 0.92 mg·L to<0.5 mg·L (or even<0.1 mg·L as desired) by the new adsorbent at a flow rate of 50 bed volume (BV) per hour and treatable volume of 3500–4000 BV per run. Phosphorous removal is independent of the ambient temperature in the range of 15°C–40°C. Moreover, the exhausted HFO-201 can be regenerated by a 2% NaOH+ 5% NaCl binary solution for repeated use without significant capacity loss. A scaled-up study further indicated that even though the initial total phosphorus (TP) was as high as 2 mg·L , it could be reduced to<0.5 mg·L , with a working capacity of 4.4–4.8 g·L HFO-201. In general, HFO-201 adsorption is a choice method for the efficient removal of phosphate from biotreated waste effluent.

关键词： bioeffluent     phosphorus removal     nanocomposite adsorbent     hydrated ferric oxide    

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Responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: One world, One health

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0619-y

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

PulseNet China, a model for future laboratory-based bacterial infectious disease surveillance in China

null

期刊论文

Trends of foodborne diseases in China: lessons from laboratory-based surveillance since 2011

null

期刊论文

Transforming bacterial disease surveillance and investigation using whole-genome sequence to probe the

null

期刊论文

Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs

null

期刊论文

Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and infectious diseases

Min-Hao WU, Ping ZHANG, Xi HUANG,

期刊论文

Health: a dream from reality to the future

null

期刊论文

Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

null

期刊论文

Review of hand, foot and mouth disease

Lan-Juan LI MD,

期刊论文

Bridging the gap between laboratory and field moduli of asphalt layer for pavement design and assessment: A comprehensive loading frequency-based approach

Huailei CHENG; Liping LIU; Lijun SUN

期刊论文

人体微生态与健康

王保红, 姚铭飞, 吕龙贤, 凌宗欣, 李兰娟

期刊论文

Field and laboratory experimental studies on hard-rock tunnel excavation based on disc cutter coupled

期刊论文

Oral administration of

Sufen ZHAO,Yuanyuan JIA,Weiwei ZHANG,Lili WANG,Yunfei MA,Kedao TENG

期刊论文

Optimal design and development of PV-wind-battery based nano-grid system: A field-on-laboratory demonstration

B. TUDU, K. K. MANDAL, N. CHAKRABORTY

期刊论文

Validation of polymer-based nano-iron oxide in further phosphorus removal from bioeffluent: laboratory

Ming HUA, Lili XIAO, Bingcai PAN, Quanxing ZHANG

期刊论文

Responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: One world, One health

null

期刊论文